The most important question of
Junction Diode Characteristics in Electronic Devices and Circuits;
Explain the concept of Zener diode using characteristics?, is being answered here.
ZENER DIODE characteristics:
The characteristic drops in an almost vertical manner at a reverse-bias potential denoted V
Z. The fact that the curve drops down and away from the horizontal axis rather than up and away for the positive V
D region reveals that the current in the Zener region has a direction opposite to that of a forward-biased diode.
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| Fig.1.47 zener diode characteristics |
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| Figure 1.48 Conduction direction: (a) Zener diode; (b) semiconductor diode |
This region of unique characteristics is employed in the design of Zener diodes, which have the graphic symbol appearing in Fig. 1.48a. Both the semiconductor diode and zener diode are presented side by side in Fig. 1.48 to ensure that the direction of conduction of each is clearly understood together with the required polarity of the applied voltage. For the semiconductor diode the "on" state will support a current in the direction of the arrow in the symbol. The location of the Zener region can be controlled by varying the doping levels. An increase in doping, producing an increase in the number of added impurities, will decrease the Zener potential. Zener diodes are available having Zener potentials of 1.8 to 200 V with power ratings from 14 _ to 50 W. Because of its higher temperature and current capability, silicon is usually preferred in the manufacture of Zener diodes.
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| Fig. 1. 49.: Zener Equivalent Circuit (a) Complete (b) approximate |
The complete equivalent circuit of the Zener diode in the Zener region includes a small dynamic resistance and dc battery equal to the Zener potential, as shown in Fig. 1.49.
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